Perlin Noise
Perlin Noise is a gradient noise function, used to generate natural-looking terrains or patterns.
It is pseudo-random and smooth, better suited for, e.g, simulating smoke than genuinely random generation.
It uses dot product over each corner of the grid on which it assumes its lay out, which, once interpolated, yields such noise.
The interpolation function choice affects the visual result.
For this visualization, the function used is the
fade function,
aka Ken Perlin's quintic smoothing function, with formula:
\( f(t) \) = 6 \( t^5 \) - 15 \( t^4 \) + 10 \( t^3 \)